Stockholm , Sweden 2008
نویسندگان
چکیده
Autonomous flying vehicles, also referred to as AFV’s, are generally thought of as being expensive and complicated. The consensus is that any research or development into this area would be done exclusively by universities or the military. Unfortunately, this is not far from the present truth. A simple low cost AFV solution would provide an attractive alternative to several civilian applications where a helicopter would traditionally be used. Practical applications could include: traffic surveillance, aiding search and rescue operations, looking out for forest fires, etc. The objective of this thesis is to build and experiment with a low cost prototype AFV. This involves constructing a vehicle control system, as well as evaluating various design features and building materials. The vehicle will be propelled using four motors and propellers mounted to a fuselage. The design details will be discussed more extensively later in the thesis. The basic theory will mainly consist of modelling and control theory. It will however be important to implement different filtering techniques such as Kalman, analogue and digital filtering. These will, to some extent also be discussed theoretically. It is important to emphasize that existing solutions on the market today are the result of projects with far greater budgets than the one available here. Hence the goal is to experiment with a low cost AFV and to determine what is possible to achievable with small resources. Styrning av quadrocopter Sammanfattning Autonoma flygande farkoster, också kallade AFV, är generellt ansedda att vara dyra och väldigt komplexa. En följd av detta skulle vara är att majoriteten av all forskning och utveckling inom området utförs av militärindustrin eller universitet. Detta är i dagens läge tyvärr inte långt från den verklighet vi befinner oss i. En enkel och billig AFV-lösning skulle kunna erbjuda ett attraktivt alternativ i flertalet civila applikationer där man idag använder sig av en helikopter. Exempel på sådana områden skulle kunna vara trafikövervakning, hjälpa till vid räddningsuppdrag, övervaka och hålla utkik efter skogsbränder etc. Målet med detta examensarbete är att bygga och experimentera med en lågprisvariant på en AFV. Detta i inkluderar såväl reglering och styrning av AFV’n som utvärdering av olika byggmetoder och material. AFV’n kommer att drivas med fyra stycken propellermotorer som monteras på en flygkropp. Närmare detaljer kring utformningen av AFV’n kommer att tas upp längre fram i rapporten. De teoretiska delarna i rapporten kommer framför allt att beröra områden som modellering och reglerteori. Det kommer emellertid också vara aktuellt att behandla olika filtreringstekniker så som Kalman-filter, analoga och digitala filter. Dessa kommer att diskuteras teoretiskt till viss utsträckning. Det är viktigt att påpeka att existerande AFV-lösningar som finns på marknaden idag är resultat av projekt med väldigt mycket större budgetar än vad som finns tillgängligt i detta examensarbete. Följaktligen är målet med detta examensarbete att experimentera med en lågpris-AFV och fastställa vad som är möjligt att åstadkomma med små ekonomiska medel. Table of contents
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